Avascular necrosis of the femoral head

1. What is the definition of avascular necrosis? What are the most common causes?
2. What is avascular necrosis of the hip called in children aged 2-12?
3. What are the symptoms of avascular necrosis of the hip?
4. What is seen on MRI in avascular necrosis?
5. What is the treatment?

Answers:
1. Death of femoral head without sepsis, commonly caused by steroid use or alcohol abuse.
2. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
3. Insidious onset of groin, anterior thigh, or knee pain, with short swing and stance phase, and loss of hip rotation.
4. MRI shows irregular or mottled femoral head.
5. Bracing or casting in peds population. In adults, osteotomy of femoral head if disease not advance, but may require THA.