Pediatrics: TBI

1. What are the leading causes of TBI in the pediatric population?
2. Does the presence of skull fracture indicate the severity of brain injury?
3. How does a Klumpke's palsy occur? What sort of syndrome is associated with it?


Answers:
1. Transportation related is #1, followed by falls, then sports, then assault.
2. No.
3. Violent upward pull on shoulder resulting in damage to C8-T1 cervical roots. Horner's syndrome is associated with Klumpke's palsy, related to injury to the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.