Landmarks in the spine

1. What are anterior cervical landmarks?
2. What are posterior cervical landmarks?
3. What are the landmarks in the thoracic region?
4. What are the landmarks in the lumbar and sacral region?

Answers:
1. C2 is the angle of the mandible, C3 is the hyoid, C4-5 is the thyroid cartilage, C6 is the first cricoid ring and carotid tubercle.
2. C7 is the vertebral prominens (largest spinous process).
3. T3 is the spine of scapula, T8 is inferior angle of scapula, T12 is lowest rib.
4. L4 is iliac crests, S2 is PSIS.