Lower motor neuron bladder

1. What are the causes of LMN bladder?
2. Where would a lesion cause LMN bladder?
3. What is the appearance of a LMN bladder and sphincter?
4. What are treatments for LMN bladder?

Answers:
1. Spinal shock, conus medullaris syndrome, cauda equina syndrome, tabes dorsalis, pernicious anemia, syringomyelia, MS.
2. Destruction of the sacral micturition center (S2-S4) or an exclusively peripheral lesion of the bladder nerves.
3. Large, hypotonic bladder with a tight competent sphincter, resulting in failure to empty. Voiding occurs when bladder can no longer expand (overflow voiding).
4. ICP, Crede maneuver (suprapubic pressure), Valsalva maneuver, cholinergic agonists, alpha-blockers.