Infertility in SCI

1. What are causes of poor semen quality in SCI?
2. What is the most common finding noted on biopsy in men with SCI?
3. When does menstruation usually return in female patients post-SCI?
4. What are the increased risks in pregnancy with SCI?
5. What is the level of uterine innervation?

Answers:
1. Prostatic fluid stasis (improves with ejaculation), testicular hyperthermia (due to seated position), recurrent UTI, abnormal testicular histology, hormonal abnormalities, sperm antibodies, bladder management problems, medications.
2. Atrophy of seminiferous tubules.
3. 6 months.
4. UTI, leg edema, autonomic dysreflexia, constipation, thromboembolism, premature birth.
5. T10-12. If injury is above this level, the patient may not be able to perceive contractions.