Syndromes of the vertebrobasilar syndrome

1. Occlusion of what blood vessels results in Wallenberg's (lateral medullary) syndrome?
2. What are the symptoms of Wallenberg's syndrome?
3. Occlusion of what blood vessels results in Benedikt's syndrome?
4. What are the symptoms of Benedikt's syndrome?
5. What are the symptoms of medial brainstem syndrome?
6. What is medial medullary syndrome?

Answers:
1. Vertebral arteries, posterior inf cerebellar artery, superior/middle/inferior lateral medullary artery.
2. Ipsilateral Horner's syndrome (ptosis, anhydrosis, miosis), decreased pain and temp in ipsilateral face, ipsilateral ataxia, contralateral decreased pain and temp in body, dysphagia, dysarthria, hoarseness, vertigo, hiccups, nystagmus, diplopia.
3. Interpeduncular branches of the basilar or posterior cerebral artery, affecting the red nucleus/tegmentum of midbrain.
4. Ipsilateral CN III paralysis, contralateral hyperesthesia and hyperkinesia (ataxia, tremor, chorea, athetosis).
5. Contralateral hemiparesis, ipsilateral CN paralysis.
6. This is a type of medial brainstem stroke, caused by infarcion of the medial medulla due to occlusion of vertebral arteries or anterior spinal artery. Symptoms include ipsilateral hypoglossal palsy, contralateral hemiparesis, and contralateral lemniscal sensory loss.